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Creswell Crags is a limestone gorge on the border between Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, England, near the villages of Creswell and Whitwell. The cliffs in the ravine contain several caves that were occupied during the last ice age, between around 43,000 and 10,000 years ago. Its caves contain the northernmost cave art in Europe. The caves contain occupation layers with evidence of flint tools from the Mousterian, proto-Solutrean, Creswellian and Maglemosian cultures. They were seasonally occupied by nomadic groups of people during the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. Evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and post-medieval activity has also been found there. There is evidence of Neanderthal occupation 50,000–60,000 years ago, a brief Gravettian occupation around 32,000 years ago and use of all the main caves during the Magdalenian around 14,000 years ago.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Durham University ) The dates given in the source are 28,000 14C years ago for the Gravettian and 12,500 to 12,200 14C years ago for the Magdalenian. The 14C years have been adjusted to give calendar ('real') years. (【引用サイトリンク】title=The Radiocarbon age scale vs the 'real' (calibrated) years age scale. ) 〕 The site is open to the public and has a visitor centre with a small museum of objects associated with the caves, including a stuffed cave hyena. As a result of its unique features, Creswell Crags has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).〔(Natural England citation, Creswell Crags )〕〔(Natural England, Nature on the Map, Creswell Crags )〕 The site was the subject of the BBC Radio 4 documentaries ''Unearthing Mysteries'' and ''Nature'' and featured in the 2005 BBC Two television programme ''Seven Natural Wonders'', as one of the wonders of the Midlands. In 2006–07, the B6042 road was re-routed from its path through the gorge, by approximately to the north, to minimise traffic impact on the site. ==Caves== The most occupied caves were: *Mother Grundy's Parlour, which has produced numerous flint tools and split bones and was occupied until Mesolithic times. *Robin Hood's Cave, the location of a bone engraved with a horse's head and evidence that its occupants hunted and trapped woolly rhinoceros and Arctic hare. *The Pin Hole, the location of the Pinhole Cave Man, a human figure engraved on bone and discovered in the 1920s, and an ivory pin with etched lines. *Church Hole, with more than 80 engravings on its walls and occupied intermittently until Roman times. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Creswell Crags」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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